In the 1650s my ancestor Gregorius Frey and his family fled Switzerland for the Palatinate. The Freys were Anabaptists, targeted by radical Catholics and Protestants alike to be tortured and murdered for interpreting Christianity differently than they did.
In the late 1680s King Louis XIV invaded the Palatinate. When an alliance of German princes counterattacked, Louis XIV ordered his troops to burn everything they could reach. The region remained a battlefield for generations, ravaged by troops from both sides in a succession of wars sparked by religious differences and political ambitions.
In 1708 a terrible winter killed half a million people in the Palatinate and sent a tide of starving refugees to England, where they were settled in tent cities on the outskirts of London. English politicians argued that the German newcomers were too poor and unskilled to be anything but a burden, and warned that their religious loyalties made them a threat to the Church of England.
Freys are really stubborn. My ancestors finally left the Palatinate in 1733, emigrating to Pennsylvania as part of another wave of refugees. Pennsylvania had long prided itself on tolerance, but the arrival of Germans with different religious beliefs alarmed many whose English parents and grandparents had settled there. “Why should the Palatinate Boors be suffered into our Settlements, and by herding together establish their Language and Manners to the Exclusion of ours?” asked a politician of the time. “Why should Pennsylvania, founded by the English, become a Colony of Aliens?”
